The tendency of expansion to cause buckling in structural panels is related to mechanical properties, physical properties and natural characteristics of wood. Effect of heat on the mechanical properties of wood and wood composites arijit sinha1, rakesh gupta2, john a. Some physical and mechanical properties of laminated veneer. Crossgraining thin plies glued at the right angle with each other based on their pattern of grain allows the plywood sheets to resist splitting and provides uniform strength with increased stability. Physical properties and moisture relations of wood pdf 495 kb appearance moisture content shrinkage weight, density, and specific gravity working qualities decay resistance thermal properties electrical properties coefficient of friction nuclear radiation chapter 4. Ross, supervisory research general engineer 121 contents elastic properties 122 modulus of elasticity 122 shear modulus 123 strength properties 123 panel products 123 plywood 123 oriented strandboard osb. The physical and mechanical properties of two beech species, namely fagus sylvatica l. Properties of plywood manufactured from compressed veneer as. Those species and trade groups are categorized in five numbered groups by mechanical properties. The layer structure leads to more uniform properties than solid wood, since the effects of grain anisotropy are minimized.
In addition, as a result of findings, it can be said that specific mechanical properties may be a good predictor for comparative studies. The strength and stiffness properties of pinus radiata d. Plywood information pdf plywood information pdf plywood information pdf download. Physical properties and mechanical characteristics. Nowadays, due to the beneficial properties of plywood, it has become the most demanding building materials over traditional materials like natural wood, bricks, plastic, etc. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of three variable parameters. Beams and columns deflection and stress, moment of inertia, section modulus and technical information of beams and columns. The mechanical properties of bamboo are directly related to the amount of moisture in the stems, age, and density, but mostly by the amount of fibers that ensure its resistance 10, 16. Birch plywood is characterized by excellent strength and stiffness properties, and therefore it performs very well in applications demanding high strength and rigidity. Plywood has been one of the most recognized and trusted wood building products for decades.
Group 1 woods exhibit the highest strength and stiffness characteristics and group 5 woods the lowest. Samples were prepared according to the astm d 103793 standard for physical and mechanical properties testing 10. The good mechanical properties give good resistance to splitting, which enable strong fastenings to be made, even with fasteners near to the edge of the panels. Determining mechanical properties of cardboard from photoacoustic lamb wave transmission data markku oksanen, jyrki storpellinen, and mauri luukkala department of physics university of helsinki pob 9 siltavuorenpenger 20 d sf00014 university of helsinki, finland introduction. This structure leads to outstanding mechanical properties for application in several areas, such as construction, packaging, roofing and facing etc see pictures below. The properties of plywood include increased stability, surface dimensional stability, highimpact resistance, chemical resistance and a high strengthtoweight ratio. Manufactured from thin sheets of crosslaminated veneer and bonded under heat and pressure with strong adhesives, plywood panels have superior dimensional stability and an excellent strengthtoweight ratio and are highly resistant to impacts, chemicals. This study investigated the physical and mechanical properties of birch plywood, which are classified as follows. Wood and plywood expand upon heating as do practically all solids. A wide range of engineering properties are used to charac terize the. As wood and woodbased composites are being used heavily in single family residential dwellings. Physical and mechanical properties of plywood produced with 1.
May 28, 2008 the dimensional stability and some mechanical properties were tested in plywood produced with veneers modified with 1. Such data may be provided by the manufacturer, but npd is currently still an option. C is an effective way to improve dimensional stability and bio durability. All physical properties change from panel to panel depending on the natural characteristics of the wood used to make the panel. Mechanical and physical properties of particleboards made from ailanthus wood and uf resin fortified by acacias tannins blend m. Development and material properties of reinforced plywood. The contents, results, and technical data from this site may not be reproduced either electronically, photographically or substantively without permission from matweb, llc. Mechanical and physical properties of particleboards made.
Pdf physical and mechanical properties of plywood produced. Osd plywood osd and cdx plywood are both commonly found on construction sites, because builders and contractors rely on both types of plywood to get the job done. Plywood plywood is the original wood structural panel. Essentially surface veneers are classified according to the presence of knots and other visible defects such as. En 6353, 1995 and its counterpart elsewhere in the world. Drill bits conversion chart convert between drill bit dimensions gauge numbers, inches and mm. Soil mechanical properties of mbt waste from luxembourg. Some physical and mechanical properties of bamboo matwood. It has the highest tensile strength and a moderately low heat capacity among woodbased materials. A quality certification program is provided whereby qualified testing agencies inspect, sample, and test products identified as complying with this standard. That affect the physical and mechanical properties of plywood are the density. Kretschmann, research general engineer 51 the mechanical properties presented in this chapter were obtained from tests of pieces of wood termed clear and straight grained because they did not contain characteristics such as knots, cross grain, checks, and splits. Mechanical properties of the woodbased xtype lattice.
Comparative study on physical and mechanical properties of. Determining mechanical properties of carboard from. This method is useful with such species as the southern pines, douglasfir, and the ringporous hardwoods ash, hickory, and oak. Engineering properties of plywoods the following engineering data are those specified in australian standards, particularly as 1684, 1720 and 2269 for structural plywood having stress gradings of f8, f11and f14. Physical and mechanical properties of particleboard bamboo. Characteristic values of mechanical properties of radiata. Mechanical properties strength robusta is a very strong wood. Wood, panel and structural timber products mechanical. In strength properties other than shock resistance and hardness, it is stronger than most mainland woods of comparable density tables 1 and 4. Basic plywood strength and stiffness characteristics for a given panel thickness are determined by the wood species group and veneer grade used in. The panels mechanical properties were affected due to the fiber wall characteristics and interaction with resin. Wood handbookchapter 4mechanical properties of wood. The plywood consisted of five veneers glued with a phenolic resin.
In the manufacturing of plywood, a log is turned on a lathe and a long knife blade peels the veneer. Kretschmann contents orthotropic nature of wood 41 elastic properties 42 modulus of elasticity 42 poissons ratio 42 modulus of rigidity 43 strength properties 43 common properties 43 less common properties 424 vibration properties 425. Before going to sample preparation, the panels were conditioned in a conditioning chamber at a temperature of 23c and a relative humidity of 652% for 48 hours. The properties studied were dry density, shrinkage. Plywood is classified according to the grades of the surface veneers, which are set out in european standard en 635 en 6351, 1995. Physical and mechanical properties of particleboard manufactured from wood, bamboo and rice husk authors the highest percentages of water absorption for these particleboards can be related to the high content of silica r and to the lower content of lignin b present in these materials. Siddikur rahman and others published some physical and mechanical properties of bamboo matwood veneer plywood find, read and cite all. Plywood is a wonderful combination of lightness, strength and flexibility. Kantiner4 1 institute for technological research, national center for research, khartoum, sudan.
Cf content, wr content, and cf length, on the mechanical and physical properties of the plywood. Mechanical properties of woodbased composite materials zhiyong cai, supervisory research materials engineer robert j. Properties of concrete portland cement association. Included in this standard are test methods to determine compliance and a glossary of trade terms and definitions. Material safety data sheet 3mtm fastbondtm contact adhesive 30 nf green 111511 page 2 of 8 3. To compare the properties of bw ply, bamboo mat plywood b ply and wood veneer plywood w ply were produced. The studied properties were and bsmoe, determined according to the grain. Characteristic values of the mechanical properties of radiata. The thinner the plywood is, the bigger differences in mechanical properties between plywood of the same thickness and of different face veneer grain direction appear. Handbook of finnish plywood finnish plywood 1 finland has developed its expertise as the major european plywood producer over the last 100 years. As concrete hardens, its gross volume remains almost unchanged, but hardened concrete contains pores filled with water and air that have no strength.
The span rating provides a measure of the strength and stiffness in the direction parallel to the grain of the face and back veneers of the panel. The requirements for the grades of bonded joints are enacted by european the standard en 3,4. The dimensional stability and some mechanical properties were tested in plywood produced with veneers modified with 1. However, heat treatments usually reduce most of the mechanical properties of wood. Don plywood at angles to the grain of the face veneer have been modelled by theoretical equations and compared with test results. Some physical and mechanical properties of mediumdensity. Ross, supervisory research general engineer 121 contents elastic properties 122 modulus of elasticity 122 shear modulus 123 strength properties 123 panel products 123 plywood 123 oriented strandboard osb 124. The common physical and mechanical properties of osb include mormoe, internal bond ib, density and thickness swell ts. Today finnish processed birch plywood is one of the most advanced wood based panel products for a wide variety of demanding end uses in the construction, vehicle and other specialist industries. Physical and mechanical properties of particleboard. Signssymptoms may include redness, swelling, pain, tearing, and blurred or hazy vision. Plywood has a crosslaminated structure and is durable through drastic temperature and moisture.
Mechanical properties values in bold are tighter than standard. Based on the results of the study, overall mechanical properties of veneer and plywood improved as compression degree veneer increased from 5% to 15%. In some cases, the number of plies is indicated, because two plywood panels of the same thickness can display different characteristics depending on. Index numbers table 1 provide a convenient means of comparing properties.
This is in addition to the plywood properties obtained due to its laminated construction. This study was performed to investigate the effect of carbon fiber fabric on some mechanical and physical properties of lvl manufactured from heattreated and. A comparative study was conducted to investigate mechanical and physical properties among osb manufacturers. Pdf some mechanical properties of plywood produced from.
Their stiffness properties are slightly lower, with the exception of a high rolling shear stiffness for radiata pine. This paper presents the manufacturing of bamboo matwood veneer plywood bw ply for higher strength purposes using muli bamboo melocanna baccifera mat and simul bombax ceiba wood veneer and urea formaldehyde resin, and its basic physical and mechanical properties. Some mechanical properties of plywood produced from eucalyptus, beech, and poplar veneer bekir cihad bal 1, ibrahim bektas1 abstract in this study, we determined the flexural properties and tensile shear strength of fiveply plywood panels produced with eucalyptus eucalyptus grandis, beech fagus orientalis, and hybrid poplar. Because of the greater density of latewood, the proportion of latewood is sometimes used to judge the strength of the wood.
Some mechanical properties of plywood produced from eucalyptus, beech, and poplar veneer. These stress gradings are strictly only applied to plywood manufactured to that standard, such as hoop pine f14 plywood. Plywood derives its structural strength from the timber from which it is manufactured. A critical aspect of fire resistant design is assessing the postfire residual strength of the materials in the existing structures. This also resulted in less adhesive consumption up to 20% as well as enhanced surface characteristics of veneer samples by 40%. The average coefficient of thermal expansion of plywood is 4. Physical properties and mechanical characteristics french. Therefore, the face veneer direction defines this materials suitability. The aim of this research was to study the mechanical and hygroscopic properties of the thin 3ply plywood made with treeofheaven veneer in order to compare.
Plywood thickness commonly ranges from 3 mm to 50 mm depending on its construction and purpose. Technical properties of finnish plywood mechanical properties 3. The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare sprucepinefir to other woodbased materials top and the entire database bottom. Mechanical propertiesmetric english comments tensile strength, ultimate 31. Sanded plywood table 1 guide to apa sanded plywood gradesab apa aa typical trademark aa g1 exp 1 0. The properties of plywood vary with the quality of the constituent layers. Skin contact various species of wood dust may evoke allergy. Part of the bs en 12871 testing is for impact which is a pass or fail test, the other part is a. Specifying woodbased panels for structural use thickness, and joiststud spacings. Earlywood is lighter in weight, softer, and weaker than latewood. Therefore, the growth of the plywood market is increasing day by day across the world.
Stiffness properties were calculated assuming linear elastic behaviour of each wood veneer in the plywood, and strength properties were. The characteristic values of the mechanical properties were obtained for some radiata pine plywood with the following thicknessnumber of layers. Pdf some physical and mechanical properties of bamboo. Each of these materials has its own unique properties and qualities, and so each is used in specific applications. There have been studied the application of theoretical methods for estimating mechanical properties of plywood, using or based on the properties of plies veneers. Plywood information pdf in this study, we determined the flexural properties and tensile shear strength of. Matweb is intended for personal, noncommercial use. It is also a function of not spacing panel ends and edges to allow for expansion. Soil mechanical properties of mbt waste from luxembourg, germany and thailand pattaraporn pimolthai and jeanfrank wagner department of geology, university of trier, d54286 trier, germany. Physical and mechanical properties of plywood produced. Mechanical properties of the woodbased xtype lattice sandwich structure tengteng zheng, yanpeng cheng, shuai li, yan zhang, and yingcheng hu in this study, a woodbased xtype lattice sandwich structure was fabricated by an insertion glue method using medium density fiberboard mdf and plywood as panels. Plywood is made from layers of wood pressed together and bonded with an adhesive. The study revealed that plywood and osb respond differently to thermal modification processing. Dendrocalamus giganteus, bamboo fiber, mdf panels, physical and mechanical properties 1.
Structural lumber properties properties of structural lumber timber structural lumber section sizes basic size, area, moments of inertia and section modulus for timber metric units wood moisture and compressive strength red spruce, longleaf pine and douglas fir moisture content and their compressive strength. This study examined the mechanical and physical properties of osb and two types of plywood that were thermally modified as a posttreatment at 140degreesc, 150degreesc, 160degreesc, 170degreesc, and 180degreesc. Plywood is made of several thin layers, or plies that are laminated together. Burning according to isodis 5660 tests, the toxicity index of fire effluents was small, but there are many compounds in smoke which can cause irritation to eyes, nose and throat ingestion obst not likely to occur. Mechanical and physical properties of thermally modified. Giant bamboo fiber has potential for mdf production, but other studies should be carried out. As a result, wood possesses material properties that may be significantly different from other materials normally encountered in. Density of various wood species density of various wood species apple, ash, cedar, elm and more. Apa 000 ps 109 38 cat use where appearance of both sides is important for interior applications such as builtins, cabinets, furniture, partitions. The dimensions of plywood panels are usually expressed in mm and presented in a preestablished order.